Training For Lawyers In India

Perry4Law has launched a techno-legal training centre for law graduates and lawyers. It is also providing training to professionals from other streams like engineering, science graduates, computer science graduates, etc. PTLB and PTLITC would provide basic level and highly specialised training respectively.

IT Training Centre For Police Force Of India

Perry4Law has launched an information technology training centre for police force of India and other jurisdictions of the World. The centre would train police force in areas like basics of computers, cyber law, cyber forensics, cyber security, telecommunication laws, mobile forensics, etc.

The centre also aims at developing and maintaining initiatives like Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) Project of India, National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID), Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), etc.

LPO And KPO In India Given A New Meaning And Direction By Perry4Law

One may have heard a lot about the terms like legal process outsourcing in India (LPO in India) and knowledge process outsourcing in India (KPO in India). However, leading LPO and KPO service provider in India Perry4Law has taken LPO and KPO to the next level of outsourcing revolution. Perry4Law is the best Techno-Legal LPO and KPO Service Provider of the World. It has domain specific and highly specialised techno-legal LPO and KPO expertise that others are struggling even to understand.

Legal process outsourcings (LPO) or knowledge process outsourcings (KPO) are the two areas that have tremendous potential for members of legal fraternity. Whether it is fresh law graduates or LPO/KPO firms, the scope is increasing. This is more so when Indian law firms are placing stiff resistance to the entry of foreign law firms in any form.

These facts are well known to everybody. However, what is not very apparent is the possible areas that the LPO/KPO providers in India may explore. One such possible area is “Techno-Legal LPO and KPO” in India. Till now only global leaders like Perry4Law alone is providing techno-legal LPO/KPO services in India. This may be so because techno-legal LPO and KPO requires domain specific and highly specialised knowledge about both technology and law that very few can possess.

For instance, if an assignment pertaining to cyber forensics or cyber security is forwarded to India, there are very few firms like Perry4Law that can manage the same. The existing LPO and KPO firms and organisation must upgrade their work structure and manpower to meet this future requirement.

Another point that must be kept in mind by the LPO and KPO providers in India is that they may also face stiff competition from other Asian countries. In order to remain the World leader and first place for LPO and KPO business, Indian LPO and KPO providers must also enhance their research skills.

KPO is a very different game and the same must not be considered as mere extension of LPO. KPO requires domain specific and highly specialised services that cannot be managed in the absence of adequate talent and expertise. Realising this fact, Perry4Law Techno Legal Base (PTLB) of Perry4Law has started techno-legal training for law graduates, lawyers, etc. Similarly, Perry4Law Techno-Legal ICT Training Centre (PTLITC) would provide higher level techno-legal training to all stakeholders.

LPO and KPO services in India are going to stay but how long and up to what extent depends upon the LPO/KPO service providers of India. Further, with the use of information and communication technology, newer frontiers of LPO and KPO may be seen in future. LPO and KPO providers of India must be well prepared to not only meet the future challenges but also to encash future opportunities.

SOURCE: MYNEWS

Techno-Legal Training Centre For Judges Launched By Perry4Law

Judges in India are facing difficulties while dealing with techno-legal issues like cyber law, cyber forensics, cyber security, digital evidencing, etc. The same would now be a fact of past as Perry4Law has launched the first techno-legal ICT training centre for judges in India.

Intellectual Property Rights Law Firms In India

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are valuable rights and the same must be protected through legal as well as non-legal measures. However, at times taking of legal recourse becomes essential. In such a situation techno-legal firms like Perry4Law may be of great help. Perry4Law is the only law firm of India that is providing techno-legal IPR services in Indian and abroad. Due to its domain specific expertise it can handle not only legal cases but technical cases as well. Similarly, it also provides dispute resolution services that can settle a case out of court.

Corporate Law Legal Services In India

Company laws are diverse and complicate in nature. Although primarily governed by a company law like Indian Companies Act yet many other laws also fall within the ambit of corporate legal practice. Perry4Law provides techno-legal corporate legal services in the form of litigation, consultancy, dispute resolution, etc.

Best Technology Law Firm In India

Cyberspace has been an integral part of our daily lives. Whether it is e-commerce or e-governance, we have to essentially deal with information and communication technology (ICT). Of course, we cannot keep ourself aware of the fine details of various cyber laws and technology laws.

Perry4Law is India’s best and one of the best cyber law firms of world. It provides various techno-legal services including cyber law, cyber forensics, e-courts, etc.

ICT Training Centre For Judges Launched By Perry4Law

Judges in India are facing difficulties while dealing with techno-legal issues like cyber law, cyber forensics, cyber security, digital evidencing, etc. The same would now be a fact of past as Perry4Law has launched the first techno-legal ICT training centre for judges in India.

Cyber Security Research Training And Educational Centre In India

Techno-legal cyber security in India got a real boost. Perry4Law has launched the first ever cyber security research, training and educational centre in India. A brief profile of the same is available here till the final website is out.

The centre would strengthen cyber security of India by providing good techno-legal cyber security training, research facilities and education.

Knowledge Process Outsourcing In India

Knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) in India (KPO in India) is gaining popularity. However, with the increasing number of KPOs in India only the best and one that can provide qualitative services would alone survive.

Perry4Law is a world renowned name in the field of KPO. Its KPO services are of great quality especially those pertaining to techno-legal KPO fields. However, it is different from other KPO service providers due to its domain specific and highly specialised KPO services.

Global leaders like Perry4Law would take Indian LPO and KPO services to new horizons and unexplored possibilities.

Legal Process Outsourcing In India

Legal process outsourcing (LPO) in India (LPO in India) has great scope. However, with the increasing number of LPOs in India only the best and one that can provide qualitative services would alone survive.

Perry4Law is a world renowned name in the field of LPO. Its LPO services are of great quality especially those pertaining to techno-legal LPO areas.

Best Computer Forensics Training Centre In India

Computer forensics has a tremendous career potential. Coupled with cyber law, it makes a very good combination and career to pursue. However, there is a dearth of computer forensics trainers and training institutions in India.

Perry4Law has launched a computer forensics research, training and educational centre that is one of the best in the World. Its details are available here till a dedicated website is launched. It would be managed by both Perry4Law Techno-Legal Base (PTLB) and Perry4Law Techno-Legal ICT Training Centre (PTLITC).

Best Cyber Law Training Centre In India

For the cyber law enthusiasts there is good news. Perry4Law has launched a cyber law training centre that is one of the best in the World. Its details are available here till a dedicated website is launched. It would be managed by both Perry4Law Techno-Legal Base (PTLB) and Perry4Law Techno-Legal ICT Training Centre (PTLITC).

Indian LPO And KPO Needs To Adapt To Technology

Legal process outsourcings (LPO) or knowledge process outsourcings (KPO) are the two areas that have tremendous potential for members of legal fraternity. Whether it is fresh law graduates or LPO/KPO firms, the scope is increasing. This is more so when Indian law firms are placing stiff resistance to the entry of foreign law firms in any form.

These facts are well known to everybody. However, what is not very apparent is the possible areas that the LPO/KPO providers in India may explore. One such possible area is “Techno-Legal LPO and KPO” in India. Till now only global leaders like Perry4Law alone is providing techno-legal LPO/KPO services in India. This may be so because techno-legal LPO and KPO requires domain specific and highly specialised knowledge about both technology and law that very few can possess.

For instance, if an assignment pertaining to cyber forensics or cyber security is forwarded to India, there are very few firms like Perry4Law that can manage the same. The existing LPO and KPO firms and organisation must upgrade their work structure and manpower to meet this future requirement.

Another point that must be kept in mind by the LPO and KPO providers in India is that they may also face stiff competition from other Asian countries. In order to remain the World leader and first place for LPO and KPO business, Indian LPO and KPO providers must also enhance their research skills.

KPO is a very different game and the same must not be considered as mere extension of LPO. KPO requires domain specific and highly specialised services that cannot be managed in the absence of adequate talent and expertise. Realising this fact, Perry4Law Techno Legal Base (PTLB) of Perry4Law has started techno-legal training for law graduates, lawyers, etc. Similarly, Perry4Law Techno-Legal ICT Training Centre (PTLITC) would provide higher level techno-legal training to all stakeholders.

LPO and KPO services in India are going to stay but how long and up to what extent depends upon the LPO/KPO service providers of India. Further, with the use of information and communication technology, newer frontiers of LPO and KPO may be seen in future. LPO and KPO providers of India must be well prepared to not only meet the future challenges but also to encash future opportunities.

Haste Is Spoiling Projects Like Natgrid

India is presently going through a storm of quandary and unpredictability. In order to streamline and strengthen its internal security, India is taking haste decisions that would ultimately prove wastage of public money and violation of their valuable civil liberties, says Praveen Dalal.

India has been at unrest due to internal security breaches in the form of terrorist attacks and other similar activities. India responded quickly, though wrongly, by planning an endemic e-surveillance model for strengthening its internal security. However, the real beginning of e-police State in India started only after the Information Technology Amendment Act 2008 (IT Act 2008) was notified by the central government. It is really surprising that instead of strengthening and improving the sole cyber law of India, i.e. Information Technology Act 2000 (IT Act 2000) the Indian government preferred to make it further weaker and making it an instrumentality of e-surveillance in India.

The problem is more severe as issues pertaining to data protection law in India, privacy rights protection in India, etc would arise in the very near future. We need to protect human rights in cyberspace as well as in real world while implementing various governmental projects.

Experts have been questioning the inadequacy of safeguards for prevention of abuses and violation of civil liberties by projects like unique identification (UID), national intelligence grid (NATGRID), etc.

The project executors, however, did no pay much heed to the same. The results were not difficult to anticipate. The Natgrid project has been stalled due to inadequate privacy safeguards and possibility of political misuse after experts like Praveen Dalal suggested inclusion of the same. According to him India must understand thoroughly that “Haste is a Waste” for UIDAI, NATGRID, CCTNS, and other similar important projects. The truth is that projects like UID, Natgrid, etc must comply with civil liberties protection in cyberspace and real world., says Praveen Dalal.

The sooner this fact is realised by Indian government the better it would be for all concerned, especially for the Indian citizens whose civil liberties are at great peril.

SOURCE: GROUND REPORT

Technology Crimes Are Increasing In India

Cyber-crime has hit India with a vengeance, thanks to lax local laws and apathy on the part of the government. The rapidly technologically advancing nation is seeing a jump in cyber-crime like the developed world as more and more of the country is moving online.But whereas Western nations have implemented serious punishment for those convicted of online criminal activities, India’s sole cyber law, the Information Technology Act 2000 (IT Act 2000), has been weakened by recent amendments.

As a result of this laxity, more serious problems are now arising. With an increasing use of information and communication technology (ICT) for various public purposes, public safety and security is also at risk.

Praveen Dalal, Managing Partner of Perry4Law and the leading Techno-Legal Expert of India, has sent an open letter to the government of India including the Prime Minister, the President, the Supreme Court of India, and the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs to bring to their attention the increasing threat of cyber-crimes in the country.

Reacting immediately, the Law Minister M. Veerappa Moily announced the enactment of separate laws and the formation of a specialized agency to handle cyber-crimes, although no further progress has been made in that direction so far.

According to experts, Indian law enforcement lacks the necessary training to deal with cyber-crimes. As a result, they have been known to avoid registering and investigating such crimes. Similarly, cyber law has not yet picked a pace wit the lawyers and judges as well.

India must urgently do something about the growing cyber crimes. The first step must be to enact strong and effective cyber laws. Further, the government must also provide suitable training to the police officers, lawyers and judges in India. The netizens must also take proper precautions while dealing online to avoid being victim of cyber crimes.

SOURCE: TECHJOURNAL

Centre For Protection Of Human Rights In Cyberspace Launched In India

The Natgrid Project of India has been stalled due to lack of safeguards as prescribed by techno-legal experts like Praveen Dalal. This has also shown that India has no legal framework for protection of civil liberties in cyberspace. Fortunately, Perry4Law has launched the first and exclusive Techno-Legal Human Rights Protection Centre in India. The basic purpose of this initiative is to strengthen the human rights protection in cyberspace that is increasingly violated by governments and private individuals alike. Further, the resource also intends to provide good and effective legal framework for protection of civil liberties in cyberspace.

Human Rights Protection in Cyberspace is a tricky issue. On the one hand we have to respect the civil liberties like right to privacy, right to speech and expression, right against Internet censorship, etc whereas on the other hand we have to comply with the State’s right to regulate its citizens and territories. Here comes the real problem as Internet or cyberspace is boundary less.

The problem is not unique to India alone but is a universal problem. Whether it is the “anonymity controversy” regarding Google or recent controversy regarding “censorship” by China or the blocking of the website of zone-h.org in India or any other similar incidence, governments all over the world are unable to cope up with the present information and communication technology (ICT) systems. As a result they are superimposing the traditional concepts to cyberspace resulting in absurd results, says Praveen Dalal, leading techno-legal expert of India.

There is an emergent need to formulate good techno-legal regulation regarding human right protection in cyberspace. We cannot blindly apply the traditional concepts to cyberspace and we need a separate and dedicate branch of techno-legal laws and regulation in this regard. In the Indian context one such initiative has already been undertaken by Perry4Law.

The initiative intends to provide a techno-legal framework to the stakeholders and governments. In the Indian context, it would cover those areas that have a tendency to violate human rights in real life as well as cyberspace. Some of the areas include Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) Project (CCTNS Project), National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID), Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), National Counter Terrorism Centre (NCTC) of India, E-Surveillance under the Information Technology Act 2000 (IT Act 2000) and other laws, etc.

The “suggestions” of Praveen Dalal regarding privacy protection and prevention of potential misuse of information for political ends gathered through NATGRID have already been accepted by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) of India. In the end, the CCS withheld its nod and asked the Home Ministry to come back after further consultation with all stakeholders.

Let us hope that the proposed initiative on protection of civil liberties in cyberspace would prove useful to all concerned.

SOURCE: GROUND REPORT

Inadequate Safeguards Stalled Natgrid Temporarily

The proposal to launch national intelligence grid (NATGRID) in India was recently considered by Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) of India. The CCS took a clue from precautionary advice given by techno-legal expert Praveen Dalal regarding the possible political misuse and violation of civil liberties of the Indian citizens. As a result, the CCS withheld its nod and asked the Home Ministry to come back after further consultation with all stakeholders and incorporating adequate safeguards in this regard.

A “dedicated resource” in this regard has been launched by Perry4Law in this regard that may be helpful for the Indian government while implementing projects like Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) Project (CCTNS Project), National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID), Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), National Counter Terrorism Centre (NCTC) of India, E-Surveillance under the Information Technology Act 2000 (IT Act 2000) and other laws, etc.

The basic purpose of this initiative is to strengthen the human rights protection in cyberspace that is increasingly violated by governments and private individuals alike. Further, the resource also intends to provide good and effective legal framework for protection of civil liberties in cyberspace.

SOURCE: ITVOIR

Cabinet Committee On Security Of India Accepted Expert’s Suggestions On Natgrid

Recently the proposal to establish national intelligence grid (NATGRID) in India was considered by Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) of India. However, the CCS was advised in advanced by techno-legal experts like Praveen Dalal regarding the possible political misuse and violation of civil liberties of the Indian citizens. As a result, the CCS withheld its nod and asked the Home Ministry to come back after further consultation with all stakeholders.

In the past Praveen Dalal has suggested that NATGRID is an essential requirement for robust and effective intelligence agencies and law enforcement functions in India. The only requirement is to ensure that its abuses can be anticipated, prevented and remedied.

The Home Ministry of India would now start fresh discussions with various stakeholders to ensure that NATGRID may not be abused in future. The task is difficult and it would be beneficial to consult good techno-legal experts in this regard.

The most important aspect that must be kept in mind by the government of India is that it must reconcile the national security aspects of India with human rights protection in cyberspace. This is a difficult task especially in the absence of a dedicate privacy law and data protection law in India, says Praveen Dalal.

A “dedicated resource” in this regard has been launched by Perry4Law [http://perry4law.com/hr/index.html] in this regard that may be helpful for the Indian government while implementing projects like Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) Project (CCTNS Project), National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID), Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), National Counter Terrorism Centre (NCTC) of India, E-Surveillance under the Information Technology Act 2000 (IT Act 2000) and other laws, etc.

SOURCE: MYNEWS

Perry4Law Launched Online Dispute Resolution Centre In India

Online dispute resolution (ODR) in India is in its infancy stage and it is gaining prominence day by day. With the enactment of Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act 2000) in India, e-commerce and e-governance have been given a formal and legal recognition. Even the traditional arbitration law of India has been reformulated and now India has Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 in place that is satisfying the harmonised standards of UNCITRAL Model. Even the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 has been amended and section 89 has been introduced to provide methods of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in India.

However, India is clinging to its traditional core and is shying away from trying new experiments. India is not using information and communication technology (ICT) for dispute resolution whether it pertains to traditional litigation in courts in the form of e-courts or contemporary out of court dispute resolution in the form of online dispute resolution. Fortunately, the first ever Techno-Legal Online Dispute Resolution Centre of India has been launched by Perry4Law that would cater the dispute resolution, training, educational and many more such crucial requirements in India.

There is a lack of training among police, lawyers, judges, etc regarding use of information and communication technology (ICT) for legal, judicial and ADR /ODR purposes. Judges in India need cyber law training, e-courts training, ADR/ODR training, etc that allow them to effectively understand and use ICT for judicial and ADR/ODR purposes.

ODR has many benefits but it has failed to arouse interest of Indians. The present centre has been established at the right moment when backlog of cases has overburdened Indian courts too much. It is high time that the courts in India must also encourage out of court settlements whether through ADR or ODR. The best situation would be when the parties to the disputes actively use ADR/ODR for resolving their disputes.

SOURCE: MYNEWS

E-Judiciary Training And Consultancy Centre Launched By Perry4Law

India is facing mammoth backlog of cases. Now it is absolutely clear that with the present judicial strength and framework, we need a miracle to resolve this problem. One solution that can change this scenario is the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for judicial dispensation in India. In short, e-courts in India can help to resolve this problem.

India is at the initial stages of establishment of electronic courts (e-courts). Though India has done a good job by computerising the courts at various levels yet it is still far from the establishment of even the first e-court of India. It seems the e-courts project of India needs a techno-legal training boost.

Perry4Law and PTLB have launched the first ever e-courts training and consultancy centre of India and perhaps first of its kind in the World. A “prototype” of the same is available to the public and stakeholders till the final website is out.

Efforts in the direction of establishment of e-courts in India have been in process since 2003 and significant development in the sphere of computerisation has already been achieved. It is at this stage that there seems to be stagnation of e-court project of India and this initiative by Perry4Law would facilitate in the smooth and hassle free migration of e-court project to the next level.

India must understand that E-courts are much more that mere connectivity and computerisation of traditional courts. The moment e-filing, presentation, contest and adjudication of the cases in an online environment would start, India would surely be capable of establishing e-courts.

SOURCE: MYNEWS

Cyber Crimes In India Are Growing Incessantly

Cyber crimes in India are increasing at a rapid rate. The matter is made worst by a weak and ineffective cyber law of India. Though the law minister of India had declared for a separate enactment to deal with growing cyber crimes yet the proposal seems to have been dumped for the time being.

In India cyber crime are tried under both the traditional Indian Penal Code and the Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act 2000). However, police is not aware of the minutiae of the cyber law of India. This makes it extremely difficult to prove most cyber crimes, says leading techno-legal expert of India Praveen Dalal.

Even under the IT Act 2000, cyber crimes investigations in India are not up to the mark. This is because of lack of “cyber forensics” capabilities. The collection and presentation of electronic evidence to prove cyber crimes have posed a challenge to investigation, prosecution agencies and the judiciary in the absence of legal enablement of ICT systems in India.

Cyber-related techno-legal acumen and knowledge are not well developed in India. These require a sound working and practical knowledge of information technology as well as relevant legal knowledge. Cyber laws, international telecommunications laws, cyber forensics, digital evidencing and cyber security pose difficult and sometimes hard to understand legal challenges to the courts. This explains why there are almost no convictions of cyber criminals in India. Judges in India must fill in this legal gap.

India needs a good combination of laws and technology, in harmony with the laws of other countries and keeping in mind common security standards. In the era of e-governance and e-commerce, a lack of common security standards can create havoc for global trade as well as military matters.

Information technology is a double-edged sword that can be used for destructive as well as constructive work. It has now created a fifth dimension in addition to land, sea, air and space, though unlike the other four dimensions, it is completely made and controlled by humans. Till now India has absolutely failed to control this fifth element. Let us hope that the Indian government would do the needful as soon as possible.

SOURCE: GROUND REPORT

E-Courts Training And Consultancy Centre Launched In India

India is at the initial stages of establishment of electronic courts (e-courts). Though India has done a good job by computerising the courts at various levels yet it is still far from the establishment of even the first e-court of India. It seems the e-courts project of India needs a techno-legal training boost.

Perry4Law and PTLB have launched the first ever e-courts training and consultancy centre of India and perhaps first of its kind in the World. A “prototype” of the same is available to the public and stakeholders till the final website is out.

Efforts in the direction of establishment of e-courts in India have been in process since 2003 and significant development in the sphere of computerisation has already been achieved. It is at this stage that there seems to be stagnation of e-court project of India and this initiative by Perry4Law would facilitate in the smooth and hassle free migration of e-court project to the next level.

India must understand that E-courts are much more that mere connectivity and computerisation of traditional courts. The moment e-filing, presentation, contest and adjudication of the cases in an online environment would start, India would surely be capable of establishing e-courts.

SOURCE: GROUND REPORT

How To Become A Successful Cyber Law Professional And Consultant

Every cyber law career aspirant’s first question is how to become a successful cyber law professional? If you are one of those cyber law diplomas, certificate or degree holder who cannot get a decent job out of the same, perhaps you may also ask the same question.

Although there is no sure shot formula and definite answer for the same but the maxim “well begun is half done” perfectly applies to this question. In my personal opinion the cyber law aspirant must keep in mind his or her ultimate goal of education while pursuing any cyber law course.

Cyber law is a complex area of study hence the students or professionals must rightly choose the most appropriate institution. Merely obtaining any diploma, certificate or even degree is of no use till the same can fetch a good job. Here comes the importance of “skill development and appropriate training”.

A welcome development in this crucial direction has already taken place. The world renowned techno-legal firm Perry4Law has officially launched the cyber law coaching, education, training and internship segment of its PTLB division. The course or program aims at “skill development” of not only those who are pursing cyber law course for the first time but also for those who wish to refine their existing concepts and knowledge of cyber law.

A “contact point” has also been established for effective information sharing and declaring important notices. Those interested in getting world class coaching, education, training and internship must keep a good track of the same.

So my answer to the question posed above is that all cyber law course aspirants must concentrate more upon the “professional aspect” rather than the “academic aspect” of their cyber law education to be a successful professional.

First Online Techno-Legal Learning And Training Institution Launched In India

Legal education in India is in the process of transformation. However, there are urgent educational and legal reforms that must be undertaken by India as soon as possible. One such area that requires urgent attention is the amalgamation of legal education with information and communication technology (ICT). For instance, cyber law is an important facet of such an interaction of technology and law.

Indian educational system is more academic than professional. As a result although India has good population that is academically sound yet when it comes to practical and real life experience and work, they do not perform reasonably well. Various studies and research in India have suggested that out of the educated masses only 15 to 25% are fit for being absorbed at job places.

In short, India is running short of institutions that can impart good techno-legal skill development education, training and coaching. Perry4Law and PTLB have launched the first ever “Techno-Legal Online Coaching, Training and Education Centre” in India that aims at developing the skill and talent of the students and professionals seeking a good career in cyber law and allied fields.

Interested students, teachers and partners wishing to be part of the project as well as future projects and initiatives of Perry4Law must contact it as soon as possible. The contemporary skill requirements are multi disciplinary in nature where a computer science student or professional must also have basic level of legal knowledge. The proposed initiative keeps this in mind and students and professionals from all the educational streams are encourage getting themselves enrolled.

The government of India must also come up with a good educational policy as well as sound legal reforms so that legal sector may meet the contemporary international standards and requirements.

SOURCE: GROUND REPORT