Saturday, April 24, 2010

Do We Need Parliament Of India?

Parliament has a definitive and purposive role in any society. It enacts laws that are growth oriented and essential for the economic development of a nation. However, in the Indian context this does not hold true. The Parliament of India either enacts laws that are prima facie violative of civil liberties of Indians or it allows creation of multiple authorities without any legal framework.

History is evident that Parliament of India has enacted laws without any discussion or debate numerous times. One such law that empowers government of India with tremendous, unreasonable and illegal e-surveillance is the information technology amendment act (IT Act 2008) that amended information technology act 2000 (IT Act 2000). IT Act 2000 is the sole cyber law of India that has made India an endemic e-surveillance society and converted it into an e-police state.

On the front of non-enactment is the classical example of unique identification authority of India (UIDAI) that is managing unique identification project of India (UID project of India). The UID project of India is operating without any legal framework and is unconstitutional as it violates the civil liberties of Indians. According to the UID watch initiative managed by Praveen Dalal, UID project of India in its current form violates the human rights of Indians.

In India the laws made by Parliament are strongly influenced by industrial lobbying and private companies profit designs. Fortunately, there are some good steps taken to put a brake on this unconstitutional march of Indian government. For instance, the national intelligence grid (NATGRID) project of home ministry of India has been stalled after suggestions of Praveen Dalal were accepted by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) of India.

Similar steps must also be taken regarding UID project of India that has tremendous civil liberty violation potentials. In fact the way it has been operating is already unconstitutional and must be stopped by courts of India.

It seems we do not need Parliament of India if all it does is enacting laws that violates our civil liberties and abstains from stopping authorities by not enacting any law and allowing them to operate without any law.

SOURCE: MYNEWS

Sunday, April 18, 2010

Defence Forces Of India Require Techno-Legal Cyber Security

Cyber Security is one of the evolving fields in India. The only techno-legal cyber security research centre in India is being managed by Perry4Law. The country needs to lay down a crises management policy and a sound strategy regarding cyber security.

This subject has always been alien in the Indian scenario. The cyber security is important not only to keep the cyberspace of the country free from attacks but also keep the boundaries of the country intact. Crucial information of the country can be hijacked at times of crises. Imagine the entire banking system collapsing in times of war.

A sound cyber security policy is required to protect various types of business and the general public. The introduction of wireless communications has further complicated the spectrum. The terrorists have already managed to successfully use wireless communications to their advantage.

Recently it had been reported that Chinese hackers had successfully managed to penetrate one of the forward headquarters of the Army. The defence forces need to upgrade cyber security capabilities to meet any contingency.

SOURCE: NEWSLINE 365

Saturday, April 17, 2010

Cyber Security In India Needs To Improve

It has been reported that India, needs immediate techno-legal online safety. Perry4Law is supervising the special techno-legal online security investigation, training and educational centre in India.

Cyber security in India has always got an unfamiliar treatment. Online protection is not only vital for securing the cyberspace of a Nation, it is also essential for securing its territorial boundaries.

Planned and critical data can be collected from manipulating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) used by strategic units of a Nation. For safeguarding businesses, governments and general public at large, cyber security is very important.

The situation is said to be most terrible when it comes to wireless safety in India. Wireless security has become a headache due to its misuse by terrorists in India.

Another crucial aspect related to a secure and strong cyber security in India pertains to critical ICT infrastructure protection in India. If ICT system is not secured risk of critical ICT infrastructure also increases.

It has been reported that, recently, Chinese intelligence groups might have planted computer malware and broken into the headquarters of 33 Corps, the army formation taking care of most of the north-eastern border with China.

It is believed that the break-in integrated the planting of Trojan viruses, which might have provided Chinese operators distant access to the computer network at the 33 Corps headquarters in Sukhna, near Siliguri, West Bengal.

AUTHOR: PANKAJ LAKHOTIA

SOURCE: STOCK WATCH

Great Empanelment Opportunities At PTLB

Perry4Law is a world renowned name in techno-legal field. It has domain specific specilisation in areas like cyber law, cyber security, cyber forensics, digital evidencing, etc. It has many techno-legal segments and Perry4Law Techno-Legal Base (PTLB) is one of them.

PTLB is currently accepting “empanelment applications” in techno-legal fields. Those interested may “apply” for the same. Read carefully the essential requirements before applying.

Cyber Security Of India Is In Poor State

India urgently needs techno-legal cyber security. Perry4Law is managing the exclusive techno-legal cyber security research, training and educational centre in India. India must urgently come up with good crisis management policy and strategy regarding cyber security.

In recent times cyber security has taken a centre stage all over the world. This is due to the fact that networks all over the world are interconnected through Internet. The vulnerability in the networked systems can prove fatal in various circumstances. Recently, it was alleged that China broke into Indian computer systems and compromised crucial data and information of secret and confidential nature.

There is an emergent need for strengthening cyber security of India. However, till now the government of India has not taken cyber security seriously. India needs a dedicated cyber security research and training centre at the national level. Although there are few good cyber security initiatives in India, yet Indian government must take the initiative and work in this direction.

Another aspect that has to be kept in mind is the enactment of strong and efficient cyber laws in India. Although Indian has enacted information technology act 2000 (IT Act 2000) yet it is far from perfect. The recent amendments in the same have made almost all the cyber crimes bailable. According to Praveen Dalal, the leading techno-legal expert of India, by making the offences and cyber crimes “bailable” India has made its cyberspace a “free zone” and “safe heaven” for cyber criminals and cyber offenders. It seems the problems of Indian cyber security are multi facet in nature. We do not have sufficient laws, we lack proper strategies and policies, and we do not care much about cyber security, says Praveen Dalal.

India must urgently train its government officials holding crucial posts and departments, law enforcement officials, judges, lawyers, etc. In the absence of sufficient training, we may risk crucial information leaking out of governmental computers and departments. The sooner we take cyber security seriously the better it would be for the national interest of India.

SOURCE: MERINEWS

Friday, April 16, 2010

Indian Cyber Security Must Be Strengthened

In recent times cyber security has taken a centre stage all over the world. This is due to the fact that networks all over the world are interconnected through Internet. The vulnerability in the networked systems can prove fatal in various circumstances. Recently, it was alleged that China broke into Indian computer systems and compromised crucial data and information of secret and confidential nature.

There is an emergent need for strengthening cyber security of India. However, till now the government of India has not taken cyber security seriously. India needs a dedicated cyber security research and training centre at the national level. Although there are few good cyber security initiatives in India, yet Indian government must take the initiative and work in this direction.

Another aspect that has to be kept in mind is the enactment of strong and efficient cyber laws in India. Although Indian has enacted information technology act 2000 (IT Act 2000) yet it is far from perfect. The recent amendments in the same have made almost all the cyber crimes bailable. According to Praveen Dalal, the leading techno-legal expert of India, by making the offences and cyber crimes “bailable” India has made its cyberspace a “free zone” and “safe heaven” for cyber criminals and cyber offenders. It seems the problems of Indian cyber security are multi facet in nature. We do not have sufficient laws, we lack proper strategies and policies, and we do not care much about cyber security, says Praveen Dalal.

India must urgently train its government officials holding crucial posts and departments, law enforcement officials, judges, lawyers, etc. In the absence of sufficient training, we may risk crucial information leaking out of governmental computers and departments. The sooner we take cyber security seriously the better it would be for the national interest of India.

SOURCE: CIO

Techno-Legal Cyber Security Centre For Defence Forces In India

India urgently needs techno-legal cyber security. Perry4Law is managing the exclusive techno-legal cyber security research, training and educational centre in India. India must urgently come up with good crisis management policy and strategy regarding cyber security.

Cyber security in India has always received an alien treatment. There cannot be any doubt that cyber security is not only important for securing the cyberspace of a Nation, it is also crucial for securing its territorial boundaries. For instance, strategic and crucial information can be gathered from manipulating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) used by strategic units of a Nation.

Cyber security of India is very important to protect businesses, governments and general public at large. The same must be a part of the national policy of India. Unfortunately, cyber security in India is an ignored world. There are many factors that are ailing cyber security in India.

The position is even worst when it comes to wireless security in India. Wireless security has become a headache due to its misuse by terrorists in India. A weak cyber security policy in India is also resulting in increased cyber terrorism activities in India. We have to device methods to tackle cyber terrorism in India.

Another crucial aspect related to a secure and strong cyber security in India pertains to critical ICT infrastructure protection in India. Critical infrastructure is becoming increasingly dependent upon ICT these days. If we are unable to secure an ICT system we are also risking critical ICT infrastructure as well.

Recently, it has been reported that the Chinese intelligence agencies may have planted computer malware and broken into the headquarters of 33 Corps, the army formation looking after most of the north-eastern border with China. The break-in included the planting of trojan viruses which may have given Chinese operatives remote access to the computer network at the 33 Corps headquarters in Sukhna, near Siliguri, West Bengal.

The defense forces also need cyber security and cyber forensics capabilities. The digital life is an altogether different segment where traditional methods are ineffective. The cyber war and cyber terrorism threats are not only real but also very dangerous. India must upgrade its cyber security and national security capabilities as soon as possible. Repeated cyber security breaches have been reported in India from time to time but the attitude of Indian government has not yet changed. It is difficult to anticipate what would wake up the Indian government from its indefinite deep sleep and do the needful.

SOURCE: MYNEWS

Tuesday, April 13, 2010

Online Cyber Law Internship In India

Cyber law is gaining importance day by day among the legal fraternity and members of other professions. However, there is a dearth of institutions or centre that can provide qualitative cyber law internship and trainings. Perry4Law is one such exceptional techno-legal firm that provides qualitative internship and training.

Perry4Law has many techno-legal segments and Perry4Law Techno-Legal Base (PTLB) is one of it. PTLB manages the basic level techno-legal training, internship, education, coaching, etc of Perry4Law. PTLB has recently launched the first ever online cyber law internship and training in India. It is meant for law students, law graduates, graduates from other streams like computer science and engineering, lawyers, judges, etc.

This initiative is different from other internship and training initiatives in at least two ways. Firstly, it is online in nature. This has reduced the geographical limitations and any qualified student or professional can apply for the same. Secondly, it is not conducted or undertaken for the sake of doing. It provides qualitative techno-legal internship, training and education with regular performance analysis. Only successful candidates would be declared “Interns of Perry4Law”.

Having internship or training at Perry4Law can open doors of opportunities in the techno-legal world that is anticipated to be tremendous in the future. Grab a seta for yourself before they are taken as they are limited in number. For analyzing the initiative kindly visit PTLB site and for getting a better idea about the initiative visit the information portal of PTLB.

This initiative is, presently, confined to cyber law alone. Students or professionals wishing to enroll for other course have to wait but at the risk of loosing the seats when these courses are available. This is so because “preference” to all future courses would be given to those students who enroll to the starting course of cyber law. If after accommodating the preferential students or professionals, there are still some seats available, then only the remaining seats would be offered to other students or professionals. The first batch of cyber law interns and trainees would also be given preference for the “basic level” lifelong learning initiative of Perry4Law. So just grab a seat even if you are not inclined to do so if you need a golden career in techno-legal field.

SOURCE: MYNEWS

Saturday, April 10, 2010

Centre On Cyber Terrorism In India

One issue that has not received proper attention of the government of India (GOI) pertains to cyber terrorism in India. The governmental machinery is slow and almost ineffective in resolving techno-legal issues. The initiative has once again been taken by Perry4Law and it has launched a techno-legal research, training and educational centre on Cyber Terrorism in India. The centre would provide techno-legal policies, strategies, tools, methodologies, legal framework and many more important services in this regard.

Friday, April 9, 2010

Techno-Legal Digital Issues In India

Techno-legal issues have assumed tremendous importance these days. However, they are not only difficult to manage but also require domain specific expertise. Perry4Law is one such firm that has this sort of expertise. Recently, it launched a techno-legal segment pertaining to techno-legal digital issues. The same is covering many important issues including issues like digital preservation, digital millennium copyright act (DMCA), etc. The initiative would prove really handy for Indian business and legal circles.

Wednesday, April 7, 2010

Is India Serious About Cyber Law And Cyber Security?

Finally, IT Minister A Raja welcomed any suggestion that would strengthen cyber laws and enhance online information security. But a question comes to my mind what type of improvement Mr. A. Raja is talking about? Considering t 2000 (IT Act 2000) was made “impotent” by making almost all the cyber crimes “bailable” this assurance from the minister is really scary. Perhaps, he is looking forward for a legislation where cracking itself would be excluded from the ambit of cyber crimes and India would be at the mercy of crackers, cyber terrorists and rouge cyber war engaging nations.

It is difficult to understand what is going on in the mind of Indian government. Is this statement just an attempt of the government to divert the mind of Indians from recent Chinese hacking episode or is it a usual knee jerk reaction from it for the growing incidences of cyber crimes and cracking of important governmental computer installations. Interestingly, before Raja even law minister Molly had supported for the enactment of a strong cyber law in India.

First the government of India did not pay any heed to cyber security requirements of India. Then it merrily made India a “safe heaven” for cyber criminals due to “industrial lobbying”. The truth is that India is confused regarding its cyber law and this is resulting in gross cyber anarchy in India.

The one suggestion that Indian government in general and minister Raja in particular needs regarding cyber law and cyber security of India is to wake up and have an open mind. Further, it would be a good idea if the government stops being an instrumentality for industrial lobbying while formulating important laws regarding cyber law and cyber security. The industrial lobbying and a committed e-surveillance policy of Indian government have taken us to a situation where having no cyber law in India would be better than the present cyber law.

Tuesday, April 6, 2010

India Is A Sitting Duck Says NTRO

The government of India (GOI) is least bothered about cyber security in India and critical infrastructure protection in India. According to Praveen Dalal, the leading techno-legal expert of India, we must pay more attention towards securing India’s cyberspace not only from internal but also external threats. Now even NTRO has admitted that India needs to have a dedicate cyber security organisation.

There is nothing to stop China, unless India develops its own tools for cyber warfare, National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO), the agency principally involved with investigating the depth of the damage caused by Chinese hackers, has warned. The Chinese hacking force uses malware, spyware, key loggers, trojans, bots and malicious code generators to break into Indian computers, copy documents, ex-filtrate sensitive material and bug classified correspondence. Without a dedicated Indian cyber-security organisation, this country will remain a sitting duck.

Indian National Security And Information Warfare

Recently it was reported that Chinese crackers have compromised many top secret military files of Indian defence ministry and embassies around the world. Cyber security is very important to protect businesses, governments and general public at large. The same must be a part of the national policy of a nation. Another crucial aspect related to a secure and strong cyber security in India pertains to critical ICT infrastructure protection in India. Critical infrastructure is becoming increasingly dependent upon ICT these days. If we are unable to secure an ICT system we are also risking critical ICT infrastructure as well. India must do something as soon as possible to prevent further damage.

Information Warfare and Cyber Terrorism are issues that cannot be taken lightly by any country. From these threats emerge the necessity of having a robust cyber security for defense forces in India. These issues are important as they strike at the very root of the critical ICT infrastructure protection in India. However, India is not doing the needful in this regard. Cyber War Capabilities should be an Integral Part of Indian National Defense and Security says India’s leading Techno-Legal Expert Praveen Dalal.

Today countries all over the World are actively engaged in some form or other of Cyber war/Information warfare. For instance, the US Air Force has had Information Warfare Squadrons since the 1980s. In fact, the official mission of the US Air Force is now, "To provide sovereign options for the defense of the United States and its global interests. To fly and fight in Air, Space, and Cyberspace", with the latter referring to its Information Warfare role.

As the Air Force often risks aircraft and aircrews to attack strategic enemy communications targets, remotely disabling such targets using software and other means can provide a safer alternative. In addition, disabling such networks electronically (instead of explosively) also allows them to be quickly re-enabled after the enemy territory is occupied. Similarly, counter information warfare units are employed to deny such capability to the enemy. The first application of these techniques was used against Iraqi communications networks in the first Gulf War.

Also during the 1991 Gulf War, Dutch hackers stole information about U.S. troop movements from U.S. Defense Department computers and tried to sell it to the Iraqis, who thought it was a hoax and turned it down. In January 1999, U.S. Air Intelligence computers were hit by a coordinated attack, part of which appeared to come from Israeli and French hacking. These are some of the examples how Internet is becoming an essential part of modern warfare.

According to Praveen Dalal, Managing Partner of Perry4Law and the leading Techno-Legal Expert of India, “India needs a sophisticated and robust technological command centre to defend its global network of computer systems. It must develop both offensive and defensive capabilities under one roof. Strategic information and tactical inputs are essential part of modern warfare that can be lost or gained through Cyber war methods”.

There is no doubt that India needs good cyber war capabilities to meet the growing threats of information warfare. It would be a good idea to have a “Centralised ICT Command Center” in this regard as suggested by Perry4Law for intelligence agencies of India.

SOURCE: ITVOIR

Indian Secret Defence Documents Compromised

Recently it was reported that Chinese crackers have compromised many top secret military files of Indian defence ministry and embassies around the world. Cyber security is very important to protect businesses, governments and general public at large. The same must be a part of the national policy of a nation. Another crucial aspect related to a secure and strong cyber security in India pertains to critical ICT infrastructure protection in India. Critical infrastructure is becoming increasingly dependent upon ICT these days. If we are unable to secure an ICT system we are also risking critical ICT infrastructure as well. India must do something as soon as possible to prevent further damage.

Monday, April 5, 2010

Lifelong Learning Got A Boost In India

After making a world class mark for themselves and gaining world level reputation in the techno-legal education and training fields, Perry4Law, Perry4Law Techno-Legal Base (PTLB) and Perry4Law Techno-Legal ICT Training Centre (PTLITC) have achieved another landmark milestone. They have started the first ever techno-legal lifelong learning platform in India. The primary aim of this initiative is to bridge the growing gap between academic and professional techno-legal education in India.

Sunday, April 4, 2010

Cyber Security Research Centre Of India

Cyber security management is a tough task especially if it is techno-legal in nature. In that case one has to manage not only the technical aspects but also the legal aspects. Perry4Law is the leading Techno-legal ICT law firm of World. It has many techno-legal segments like Perry4Law Techno-Legal Base (PTLB), Perry4Law Techno-Legal ICT Training Centre (PTLITC), etc. Perry4Law is also running various online techno-legal research, training and educational centre in India. Techno-Legal Cyber Security Research, Training and Educational Centre is one of them. This Cyber Security Research Centre of India (CSRCI) would cater the techno-legal cyber security requirements of India.

E-Surveillance At The Cost Of Human Rights

India is presently going through a storm of quandary and unpredictability. In order to streamline and strengthen its internal security, India is taking haste decisions that would ultimately prove wastage of public money and violation of their valuable civil liberties, says Praveen Dalal. Experts have been questioning the inadequacy of safeguards for prevention of abuses and violation of civil liberties by projects like unique identification (UID), national intelligence grid (NATGRID), etc. The project executors, however, did no pay much heed to the same. The results were not difficult to anticipate. The Natgrid project has been stalled due to inadequate privacy safeguards and possibility of political misuse after experts like Praveen Dalal suggested inclusion of the same.

The National Population Register has been launched countrywide, after an initial foray in the coastal belt. This is not data collection in a vacuum. It is set amidst NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid), the UID (the Unique Identification project), and a still-hazy-but-waiting-in-the-wings DNA Bank. Each of these has been given spurs by the Union Home Ministry, with security as the logic for surveillance and tracking by the state and its agencies. The benign promise of targeted welfare services is held out to legitimise this exercise.

Saturday, April 3, 2010

Techno-Legal Cyber Security Is Needed In India

Cyber security in India is not in a good shape. India is on the verge of a technology revolution and the driving force behind the same is the acceptance and adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its benefits. This technology revolution may, however, fail to bring the desired and much needed result if we do not adopt a sound and country oriented e-governance policy. A sound e-governance policy presupposes the existence of a sound and secure e-governance base as well. The security and safety of various ICT platforms and projects in India must be considered on a priority basis before any e-governance base is made fully functional. This presupposes the adoption and use of security measures more particularly empowering judiciary and law enforcement manpower with the knowledge and use of cyber forensics and digital evidencing, says India’s leading techno-legal expert Praveen Dalal.

India cannot achieve a good cyber security till it takes care of both technical as well as legal aspects of cyber security. There is no doubt about the proposition that Indian Parliament is not technology sound and we need to empower it through ICT. At the same time we must also train the governmental officials holding key positions in crucial ministries and departments about basic technology, cyber law and cyber security. These individuals must be trained suitably so that cyber security of crucial systems may not be compromised.

Cyber security is very important to protect businesses, governments and general public at large. The same must be a part of the national policy of a nation. Another crucial aspect related to a secure and strong cyber security in India pertains to critical ICT infrastructure protection in India. Critical infrastructure is becoming increasingly dependent upon ICT these days. If we are unable to secure an ICT system we are also risking critical ICT infrastructure as well.

On the one hand India has a weak and criminal friendly cyber law whereas on the other hand it does not possess tech-savvy law enforcement machinery. Even lawyers and judges are not that much aware about the nitty-gritty of cyber laws. It is high time for India to take some serious steps towards not only making the cyber law of India stronger but also to streamline cyber security of India.

AUTHOR: RAM K KAUSHIK

SOURCE: ITVOIR

Unique Identification Project Of India In Bad Shape

Unique identity (UID) project (UID Project) is a very ambitious and useful project of government of India. However, according to Praveen Dalal, the leading techno-legal expert of India and Managing Partner of Perry4Law, the Unique Identification Project of India is based upon lack of planning and foresight. The hit and trial attitude of the Government of India (GOI) coupled with the charitable tendencies to distribute the public money among corrupt officials of India without any transparency and accountability would once again fail another much needed project in India.

There are various “shortcomings” of the UID project of Indian government and the same would ultimately fail the project if necessary and corrective actions are not taken immediately, suggested Praveen Dalal.

See here for more.

Champions Of Indian E-Governance Initiatives

E-governance in India is not making the desired impact. The reason for the same is lack of proper insight and expertise in this regard. However, there are some very good initiatives and experts in India who can make a big difference in successful implementation of Indian e-governance projects. Techno-legal experts like Praveen Dalal have been contributing for the legal enablement of ICT systems in India, e-governance regulations and policy formulations in India, etc.

Similarly, a Portal run by Samir Sachdeva is a wonderful example how private individuals can contribute in this regard. It carries wholesome and diverse information about e-governance in India. I hope India can have more such experts and knowledge bases.

The Parliament of India must be ICT empowered so that it can take appropriate ICT policy decisions at the national level and enact suitable techno-legal enactments.

Friday, April 2, 2010

Digital Forensics Training In India

Digital forensics requires domain specific expertise to be conducted properly and effectively. This requires a good training in this regard. However, mere academic education is not enough as digital forensics requires practical application of various technical principles.

Perry4Law provides techno-legal digital forensics training to professionals from different streams. The best part is that Perry4Law possesses techno-legal expertise that very few in the world possess.

With a cyber law in place in India, digital forensic has lot of scope in India. Digital forensics can be used for personal, private, public, governmental purposes.

Cybersecurity Bill Of US Faces Stiff Opposition

A U.S. Senate committee has dropped some of the most controversial pieces of a wide-ranging cybersecurity bill that had been stalled for nearly a year, but some tech industry groups still have concerns about new regulations that the legislation would create for some companies.

SOURCE: PCWORLD

Digital Forensics In India

Digital forensics is an important part of civil and criminal investigation. Not only it may be helpful for investigating a cyber crime but it may also be useful for detecting a traditional crime committed with the aid of computers and allied technologies. Digital forensics requires domain specific expertise to be conducted properly and effectively.

Digital forensics is also helpful for lawyers, judges, police officers, etc alike. From the stage of investigation till final court verdict, digital forensics plays an important role. Global leaders like Perry4Law are providing world class digital forensics service in India and abroad. The best part is that Perry4Law possesses techno-legal expertise that very few in the world possess.

Computer Forensics Training In India

Cyber Forensics is a very recent scientific development and countries all over the World are struggling hard to incorporate the same in their respective legal and judicial systems. Cyber Forensics is an important field of criminal investigation. However, it requires a sound expertise to be practiced. In India we have very few experts who can provide cyber forensics services in an appropriate manner.

Perry4Law and PTLB are in the process of launching the first ever techno-legal cyber forensics training, coaching and educational course in India. A dedicate centre has been established to cater the requirements of this course.

Online Cyber Law Education In India

Technical education in India has to cover a long gap. This is more so when the cyber law of India is assuming importance day by day. Fortunately, techno-legal education in India got a boost, thanks to Perry4Law and PTLB.

Perry4Law and PTLB have launched one of the best online cyber law training, coaching and educational course in India. This Online cyber law training and coaching intends to provide a practical experience as opposed to theoretical study.

More information can be obtained from the Information portal of PTLB in this regard.